Microsoft Exchange Database Backup Errors "VSS_E_UNEXPECTED_PROVIDER_ERROR"

When performing either a scheduled or manual MS Exchange database backup job. The following backup error are received in the backup report:

The backup error persists even after the following actions have been performed:

1. The MS Exchange version is updated to the latest service pack / rollup.

2. The MS Exchange Server has been rebooted.

3. The VSS writers have been re-registered using the %OBM_Install_home%\bin\RegisterVSS.bat

Checking the status of the VSS writers using the vssadmin list writers command shows the "Microsoft Exchange Writer" is still in a "Failed" state.

Example:

C:\WINDOWS\system32>vssadmin list writers
vssadmin 1.1 - Volume Shadow Copy Service administrative command-line tool
(C) Copyright 2001-2013 Microsoft Corp.

Writer name: 'System Writer'
    Writer Id: {e8132975-6f93-4464-a53e-1050253ae220}
    Writer Instance Id: {a2f2507d-b348-493a-9685-da3f20959e9d}
    State: [1] Stable
    Last error: No error
...

Writer name: 'Microsoft Exchange Writer'
    Writer Id: {76fe1ac4-15f7-4bcd-987e-8e1acb462fb7}
    Writer Instance Id: {2e8409fa-1dd8-483c-ba95-5c9277be0509}
    State: [7] Failed
    Last error: No error

Writer name: 'FRS Writer'
    Writer Id: {d76f5a28-3092-4589-ba48-2958fb88ce29}
    Writer Instance Id: {d35e3901-f9b9-4fa6-86af-36b8a4872933}
    State: [1] Stable
    Last error: No error
...